Mach to Millimeters Per Second
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1 mach (M) = 340286.5213 millimeter per second (mm/s). Mach (M) is a unit of Speed used in Metric system. Millimeter Per Second (mm/s) is a unit of Speed used in Metric system.

Mach number

Definition of Mach

Mach, commonly denoted M or Ma, is a dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound. It is named after the Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach, who studied gas dynamics and shock waves. Mach number is used to classify the flow regimes based on the effects of compressibility and shock waves on the flow.

How to Convert Mach

To convert mach to other units of speed, we need to multiply by the local speed of sound in the medium, which depends on the temperature and pressure of the gas. For example, to convert mach to meters per second, we need to multiply by the speed of sound in air at sea level, which is about 340 m/s. To convert mach to kilometers per hour, we need to multiply by the speed of sound in air at sea level and by 3.6, since there are 3.6 seconds in one hour.

Here are some examples of how to convert mach to other units of length in the US Standard system and the SI system:

• To convert 1 M to meters per second (m/s), we multiply by 340: 1 M x 340 = 340 m/s
• To convert 2 M to kilometers per hour (km/h), we multiply by 340 and by 3.6: 2 M x 340 x 3.6 = 2448 km/h
• To convert 3 M to miles per hour (mph), we multiply by 340 and by 2.2369362920544, since there are 2.2369362920544 miles in one kilometer: 3 M x 340 x 2.2369362920544 = 2285.714285714 mph
• To convert 4 M to feet per second (fps), we multiply by 340 and by 3.2808398950131, since there are 3.2808398950131 feet in one meter: 4 M x 340 x 3.2808398950131 = 4465.306122449 fps
• To convert 5 M to knots (kn), we multiply by 340 and by 1.9438444924406, since there are 1.9438444924406 nautical miles in one kilometer: 5 M x 340 x 1.9438444924406 = 3316.326530612 kn
• To convert 6 M to centimeters per second (cm/s), we multiply by 340 and by 100, since there are 100 centimeters in one meter: 6 M x 340 x 100 = 204000 cm/s

Where Mach Is Used

Mach is used in various fields of science and technology where the speed and direction of movement of objects or phenomena are measured or applied in relation to the speed of sound in the medium. For example:

• In aerodynamics and aeronautics, mach is used to measure the speed and performance of aircraft, rockets, missiles, and other flying vehicles, as well as the effects of air resistance, drag, lift, and thrust on them.
• In acoustics and sound engineering, mach is used to measure the intensity and frequency of sound waves, as well as the effects of reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, and Doppler shift on them.
• In meteorology and climatology, mach is used to measure the speed and direction of wind, storms, hurricanes, tornadoes, and other weather phenomena, as well as the effects of temperature, pressure, humidity, and density on them.

History of Mach

The concept of mach number was first introduced by Swiss engineer Jakob Ackeret in his doctoral thesis in 1929. He proposed it as a convenient way to express the ratio of flow velocity to speed of sound in gas dynamics problems. He also named it after Ernst Mach, who had conducted experiments on supersonic projectiles and shock waves in the late nineteenth century.

The term mach number was later popularized by German-American engineer Theodore von Karman, who used it extensively in his research on aerodynamics and supersonic flight in the early twentieth century. He also established the first supersonic wind tunnel at Caltech in 1939.

The first human-made object to break the sound barrier was a rocket-powered plane called Bell X-1 piloted by Chuck Yeager in October 1947. He achieved a speed of about Mach 1.06 at an altitude of 13,000 meters.
The first human to travel faster than sound was Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, who orbited the Earth at a speed of about Mach 25 in April 1961.
The fastest manned aircraft ever flown was the North American X-15, which reached a speed of about Mach 6.7 in October 1967.

The fastest unmanned aircraft ever flown was the NASA X-43A, which reached a speed of about Mach 9.6 in November 2004.

Example Conversions of Mach to Other Units

Here are some examples of how to convert mach to other units of speed, using the conversion factors given above:

• To convert 1 M to meters per second, we multiply by 340: 1 M x 340 = 340 m/s
• To convert 2 M to kilometers per hour, we multiply by 340 and by 3.6: 2 M x 340 x 3.6 = 2448 km/h
• To convert 3 M to miles per hour, we multiply by 340 and by 2.2369362920544: 3 M x 340 x 2.2369362920544 = 2285.714285714 mph
• To convert 4 M to feet per second, we multiply by 340 and by 3.2808398950131: 4 M x 340 x 3.2808398950131 = 4465.306122449 fps
• To convert 5 M to knots, we multiply by 340 and by 1.9438444924406: 5 M x 340 x 1.9438444924406 = 3316.326530612 kn
• To convert 6 M to centimeters per second, we multiply by 340 and by 100: 6 M x 340 x 100 = 204000 cm/s
• To convert 7 M to millimeters per minute, we multiply by 340 and by 1000, since there are 1000 millimeters in one meter, and multiply by 60, since there are 60 minutes in one hour: 7 M x 340 x 1000 x 60 = 142800000 mm/min

How to convert millimeters per second

Millimeters per second can be converted to other units of speed or velocity by using simple conversion factors. Here are some common units and their conversion factors:

• Meters per second (m/s): To convert from mm/s to m/s, divide by 1000. To convert from m/s to mm/s, multiply by 1000. For example, 1 mm/s is equal to 0.001 m/s, and 10 m/s is equal to 10000 mm/s.
• Kilometers per hour (km/h): To convert from mm/s to km/h, multiply by 0.0036. To convert from km/h to mm/s, divide by 0.0036. For example, 1 mm/s is equal to 0.0036 km/h, and 50 km/h is equal to 13888.89 mm/s.
• Miles per hour (mph): To convert from mm/s to mph, multiply by 0.00223694. To convert from mph to mm/s, divide by 0.00223694. For example, 1 mm/s is equal to 0.00223694 mph, and 30 mph is equal to 13411.2 mm/s.
• Knots (kn): To convert from mm/s to kn, multiply by 0.00194384. To convert from kn to mm/s, divide by 0.00194384. For example, 1 mm/s is equal to 0.00194384 kn, and 15 kn is equal to 7716.12 mm/s.
• Feet per second (ft/s): To convert from mm/s to ft/s, multiply by 0.00328084. To convert from ft/s to mm/s, divide by 0.00328084. For example, 1 mm/s is equal to 0.00328084 ft/s, and 40 ft/s is equal to 12192 mm/s.
• Inches per second (in/s): To convert from mm/s to in/s, multiply by 0.0393701. To convert from in/s to mm/s, divide by 0.0393701. For example, 1 mm/s is equal to 0.0393701 in/s, and 20 in/s is equal to 508 mm/s.

Where millimeters per second are used

Millimeters per second are mainly used in microbiology and nanotechnology to measure the speed or velocity of microscopic organisms and processes.

For example, the average speed of a bacterium such as Escherichia coli is about 10-20 micrometers per second, which is equivalent to 0.01-0.02 mm/s.

The average speed of a virus such as influenza A virus is about 1 micrometer per second, which is equivalent to 0.001 mm/s.

The average speed of a nanorobot such as a DNA origami walker is about 4 nanometers per second, which is equivalent to 0.000004 mm/s.

Definition of millimeters per second

According to the SI definition, one millimeter per second is the speed of a body that covers a distance of one millimeter in a time of one second.

Mathematically, it can be expressed as:

v = s / t

where v is the speed or velocity in millimeters per second, s is the distance traveled in millimeters, and t is the time taken in seconds.

History of millimeters per second

The concept of speed or velocity has been studied since ancient times by philosophers and scientists such as Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, etc.

The millimeter was originally derived from the meter in the late 18th century as one thousandth of a meter.

The second was originally defined in terms of the Earth’s rotation as one eighty-six thousand four hundredth of a mean solar day.

The combination of these two units resulted in the millimeter per second as a unit of speed or velocity.

The millimeter per second was officially adopted as part of the SI system in 1960.

Example conversions of millimeters per second to other units

Here are some examples of converting millimeters per second to other units of speed or velocity:

• 1 mm/s = 0.001 m/s = 0.0036 km/h = 0.00223694 mph = 0.00194384 kn = 0.00328084 ft/s = 0.0393701 in/s
• 2 mm/s = 0.002 m/s = 0.0072 km/h = 0.00447388 mph = 0.00388768 kn = 0.00656168 ft/s = 0.0787402 in/s
• 5 mm/s = 0.005 m/s = 0.018 km/h = 0.0111847 mph = 0.0097192 kn = 0.0164042 ft/s = 0.196851 in/s
• 10 mm/s = 0.01 m/s = 0.036 km/h = 0.0223694 mph = 0.0194384 kn = 0.0328084 ft/s = 0.393701 in/s
• 20 mm/s = 0.02 m/s = 0.072 km/h = 0.0447388 mph = 0.0388768 kn = 0.0656168 ft/s = 0.787402 in/s
• 50 mm/s = 0.05 m/s = 0.18 km/h = 0.111847 mph = 0.097192 kn = 0.164042 ft/s = 1.9685 in/s
• 100 mm/s = 0.1 m/s = 0.36 km/h = 0.223694 mph = 0.194384 kn = 0.328084 ft/s = 3.93701 in/s