Chains to Microinches
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1 chain (ch) = 792000000 microinch (µin). Chain (ch) is a unit of Length used in Standard system. Microinch (µin) is a unit of Length used in Standard system.

Chain: A Unit of Length Used for Measuring Land

The chain is a unit of length that is equal to 66 feet or 22 yards or 4 rods or 100 links. It is part of the US customary and imperial measurement systems. It is used for measuring land, especially in surveying and mapping. The symbol for chain is ch. There are 10 chains in a furlong, and 80 chains in one statute mile. An acre is the area of 10 square chains. The unit is named after the chain, a measuring device that was invented by Edmund Gunter, a clergyman and mathematician, in the 17th century. The chain is also sometimes called a Gunter’s chain, a surveyor’s chain or a land chain. In this article, we will explore the definition, history, usage and conversion of the chain as a unit of length.

Definition of the Unit

The chain is a unit of length that is equal to 66 feet or 22 yards or 4 rods or 100 links. It is one of the base units in the US customary and imperial measurement systems, along with the foot, the yard and the mile. The chain is also a derived unit in the International System of Units (SI), which is the most widely used system of measurement in the world. The SI base unit of length is the meter, which is defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 seconds.

The definition of the chain has not changed since its introduction by Edmund Gunter in 1620, who based it on an earlier English unit called an acre’s breadth, which was equal to one-tenth of a furlong or one-eightieth of a mile. However, the definition of the foot, which is used to define the chain, has changed several times over time, as different standards and methods of measurement were adopted by various countries and regions. The current definition of the foot as 0.3048 meter was agreed upon by an international treaty in 1959.

History of the Unit

The origin of the chain as a unit of length can be traced back to 1620, when Edmund Gunter created a measuring device called a chain. The chain was 66 feet long and consisted of 100 metal links connected by three rings each. The links were made of thick wire with a loop at each end. The chain had brass handles at each end for holding and folding. Gunter chose this unit because it was convenient for his work on surveying and mapping land. He also named this unit after himself, as he wrote in his book: "I have taken as unit for these measurements one hundredth part [of a furlong], which I will call an Chain".

Gunter’s unit was soon adopted by other surveyors and mapmakers, who found it useful for measuring distances and areas on flat or gently sloping land. The chain was also used for laying out roads, railways and canals. The chain became part of the US customary and imperial measurement systems, which were based on earlier English units that were brought by British settlers to America. The chain was also used in some other countries influenced by British practice, such as Canada and India.

In 1785, when the United States Congress passed the Land Ordinance Act to survey and divide the public land west of the Appalachian Mountains into rectangular townships and sections, the use of the chain as a unit of measurement was mandated by law. The act also defined the chain as equal to four rods or poles or perches. The surveyors who carried out this work were known as "chain bearers" or "chain carriers", and they marked each mile along their survey lines with wooden posts called "milestones".

In 1959, when the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth countries agreed to adopt a common definition of the foot as 0.3048 meter, based on the international yard that was defined as 0.9144 meter by an international treaty in 1959, the chain became exactly equal to 20.1168 meters.

Usage of the Unit

The chain is a unit of length that is used for measuring land, especially in surveying and mapping. The chain is also used for measuring distances on roads, railways and canals. The chain is still used in some rural areas and historical contexts in the United States, Canada and some other countries that follow the US customary or imperial measurement systems.

The chain is used for various purposes, such as:

• Measuring length, width and area of land parcels and properties.
• Measuring distances and dimensions on maps and plans.
• Measuring boundaries and borders between states, counties and townships.
• Measuring road widths and lengths.
• Measuring railway track gauges and lengths.
• Measuring canal widths and depths.

How to Convert

The chain can be converted to other units of length by using conversion factors or formulas. Here are some examples of how to convert chains to other units of length in the US customary system, the imperial system and the SI system:

• To convert chains to feet, multiply by 66. For example, 10 ch = 10 × 66 = 660 ft.
• To convert chains to yards, multiply by 22. For example, 10 ch = 10 × 22 = 220 yd.
• To convert chains to miles, divide by 80. For example, 10 ch = 10 / 80 = 0.125 mi.
• To convert chains to centimeters, multiply by 2011.68. For example, one ch = one × 2011.68 = 2011.68 cm.
• To convert chains to meters, multiply by 20.1168. For example, one ch = one × 20.1168 = 20.1168 m.
• To convert chains to kilometers, divide by 49.7097. For example, 10 ch = 10 / 49.7097 = 0.2012 km.

Equivalents in Other Units and Scales

The chain can be expressed in terms of other units of length by using equivalent values or ratios. Here are some examples of how to express chains in other units of length:

• One chain is equal to four rods or poles or perches.
• One chain is equal to one-tenth of a furlong or one-eightieth of a mile.
• One chain is equal to one-hundredth of a league or one-fortieth of a league (US).
• One chain is equal to one-hundred-millionth of an astronomical unit or one-forty-billionth of a light-year.
• One chain is equal to one-thousandth of a nautical mile or one-three-thousand-six-hundredth of a degree of latitude or longitude.

Microinch: A Unit of Length

The microinch is a unit of length that is equal to one millionth of an inch (0.000001 inch). It is a non-SI unit of measurement that is mainly used in engineering and manufacturing fields. The symbol for microinch is µin or µ". The microinch is also a derived unit in the British imperial and US customary systems of measurement.

The microinch is most commonly used when expressing small distances or dimensions, such as the surface roughness or flatness of materials and parts. The microinch is also used for measuring the wavelength of light and other electromagnetic waves.

In this article, we will explore the definition, history, usage and conversion of the microinch as a unit of length.

Definition of the Microinch

The microinch is a unit of length that is equal to one millionth of an inch (0.000001 inch). It is defined as 25.4 nanometers or 2.54 × 10^-8 meters by international agreement in 1959. One inch is equal to 25.4 millimeters or 0.0254 meter.

The definition of the microinch has changed over time, as different standards and methods of measurement were developed by various countries and organizations. The current definition of the microinch as based on the meter was agreed upon by an international treaty in 1959.

History of the Microinch

The origin of the microinch as a unit of length can be traced back to the early 20th century, when it was introduced by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as a standard for measuring surface roughness. Surface roughness is a measure of how smooth or irregular a surface is, which affects its friction, wear and corrosion properties.

The microinch was adopted by other countries and industries that followed the American system of measurement, such as Canada and Japan. It was also incorporated into the ANSI/ASME B46.1 standard for surface texture in 1985.

The microinch was also used by some optical scientists and engineers to measure the wavelength of light and other electromagnetic waves. For example, the visible spectrum of light ranges from about 4,000 to 7,000 microinches.

Usage of the Microinch

The microinch is a unit of length that is used for measuring small distances or dimensions, such as the surface roughness or flatness of materials and parts. For example:

• Measuring the smoothness or roughness of metal surfaces, such as steel, aluminum and copper.
• Measuring the flatness or curvature of glass surfaces, such as lenses, mirrors and windows.
• Measuring the thickness or diameter of thin films, coatings and wires.
• Measuring the accuracy or tolerance of machined parts, such as gears, bearings and shafts.

The microinch is commonly used in engineering and manufacturing fields, especially in precision machining, metrology and quality control. Some examples are:

• Measuring the surface finish of machined parts, such as turned, milled and ground surfaces.
• Measuring the surface profile of textured surfaces, such as honed, lapped and polished surfaces.
• Measuring the surface geometry of complex surfaces, such as grooved, fluted and serrated surfaces.
• Measuring the surface defects of defective surfaces, such as scratches, pits and dents.

The microinch is also used for measuring the wavelength of light and other electromagnetic waves. For example:

• Measuring the color or frequency of visible light, infrared light and ultraviolet light.
• Measuring the polarization or phase of coherent light, such as laser light and holographic light.
• Measuring the interference or diffraction patterns of interfering light, such as interferometric light and diffractive light.

Example Conversions of Microinch to Other Units

The microinch can be converted to other units of length by using different factors and formulas. Here are some examples of conversion for different types of units:

• To convert a microinch to inches, divide by 1,000,000:

1 µin / 1,000,000 = 0.000001 in

• To convert a microinch to feet, divide by 12,000,000:

1 µin / 12,000,000 = 8.333 × 10^^-8 ft

• To convert a microinch to yards, divide by 36,000,000:

1 µin / 36,000,000 = 2.778 × 10^^-8 yd

• To convert a microinch to meters, multiply by 2.54 × 10^^-8:

1 µin x 2.54 × 10^-8 = 2.54 × 10^^-8 m

• To convert a microinch to kilometers, multiply by 2.54 × 10^^-14:

1 µin x 2.54 × 10^-14 = 2.54 × 10^^-14 km

• To convert a microinch to nanometers, multiply by 25.4:

1 µin x 25.4 = 25.4 nm

• To convert an inch to microinches, multiply by 1,000,000:

1 in x 1,000,000 = 1,000,000 µin

• To convert a foot to microinches, multiply by 12,000,000:

1 ft x 12,000,000 = 12,000,000 µin

• To convert a yard to microinches, multiply by 36,000,000:

1 yd x 36,000,000 = 36,000,000 µin

• To convert a meter to microinches, divide by 2.54 × 10^^-8:

1 m / 2.54 × 10^^-8 = 39,370,078.74 µin

• To convert a kilometer to microinches, divide by 2.54 × 10^^-14:

1 km / 2.54 × 10^-14 = 39,370,078,740,157.48 µin

• To convert a nanometer to microinches, divide by 25.4:

1 nm / 25.4 = 0.03937 µin